Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken is assembly officers in China this week as disputes over wars, commerce, know-how and safety are testing the 2 nations’ efforts to stabilize the connection.

The US is heading into an election 12 months by which President Biden will face intense stress to confront China’s authoritarian authorities and supply new protections for American companies and employees from low-priced Chinese language imports.

China is courting overseas funding to assist its sluggish financial system. On the identical time, its chief, Xi Jinping, has been bolstering nationwide safety and increasing China’s army footprint round Taiwan and the South China Sea in ways in which have alarmed its neighbors.

Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi have held talks to forestall their nations’ disputes from spiraling into battle, after relations sank to their lowest level in a long time final 12 months. However an array of challenges may make steadying the connection troublesome.

Showdowns Over China’s Territory Claims

The US has been pushing again in opposition to China’s more and more assertive claims over swaths of the South China Sea and the self-governed island of Taiwan by constructing safety alliances in Asia.

That effort has prompted extra issues in Beijing that the USA is main a marketing campaign to encircle China and include its rise.

In conferences earlier this month, Mr. Biden met with the leaders of Japan and the Philippines. They mentioned territorial conflicts within the South China Sea, together with China’s “repeated harassment of lawful Philippine operations,” the U.S. authorities stated.

Encounters between Chinese language and American army ships and planes within the Taiwan Strait and the South China and East China Seas have continued, elevating issues that an accident may set off a confrontation between the 2 powers. That’s the reason U.S. officers have insisted on sustaining shut army communication. Excessive-level contacts between the 2 armies had been restored earlier this 12 months after China froze communication in response to former Home speaker Nancy Pelosi’s go to to Taiwan in August 2022.

China says the USA and its allies are stoking confrontation and shouldn’t intrude within the area’s affairs. It has already bristled about the USA and the Philippines launching annual joint army workouts this week. The U.S. Military additionally deployed for the primary time, as a part of an train, a midrange missile system within the Philippines that might attain targets in China.

To counter Washington’s efforts, China has been attempting to shore up ties with nonaligned nations within the area. The nation’s high diplomat, Wang Yi, visited Indonesia, Cambodia and Papua New Guinea final week, across the identical time that Mr. Blinken met with overseas ministers from the Group of seven nations, a grouping Beijing considers a rival for international affect.

Curbing the Stream of Fentanyl

U.S. officers say China has performed a regarding position in offering the chemical substances and precursors which can be used to make the highly effective drug of fentanyl.

In a gathering in San Francisco in November, President Biden and Mr. Xi resolved to cooperate on monitoring and chopping down on these flows. U.S. officers say China has began making some progress on that account, however they’re more likely to urge additional motion.

In a report launched final week, a Home Congressional committee centered on China alleged that China had actively promoted the provision of fentanyl precursors to the USA, together with by subsidizing exporters. A State Division official stated that Chinese language authorities had began taking motion in opposition to Chinese language artificial drug and chemical precursor suppliers, however that the U.S. needed to see progress.

China has lengthy denied taking part in a serious position within the fentanyl disaster in the USA and has deflected blame by saying it was a sufferer of Western powers throughout the Opium Struggle.

Commerce and Know-how Restrictions

The US and China nonetheless have one of many world’s most intensive buying and selling relationships, nevertheless it has grown much more contentious in current months.

U.S. officers have urged China to cut back its exports of cheap electrical automobiles and different inexperienced power items, saying they’re a menace to American jobs. They’re weighing whether or not to lift tariffs on Chinese language-made automobiles and photo voltaic panels, in an effort to block extra Chinese language imports from the USA.

Final week, the Biden administration introduced it might triple some tariffs on metal and aluminum merchandise from China and start an investigation into unfair practices by the Chinese language shipbuilding, maritime and logistics sectors.

The Biden administration additionally continues so as to add extra restrictions on promoting superior chips and the equipment used to make them to China, out of concern that AI may assist the Chinese language army.

And on Tuesday, the U.S. Senate handed a invoice that might drive TikTok’s Chinese language proprietor to both promote the app or face being banned in the USA. The ban is more likely to be challenged in courtroom.

Beijing has opposed the restrictions, which Mr. Xi has stated are an try and deny China’s “authentic proper to growth.” In response, he has referred to as for China to advertise “new productive forces” — a authorities mantra aimed toward bolstering the nation’s financial system via know-how and innovation within the hopes of turning into extra self-reliant.

Cybersecurity and Election Interference

U.S. officers have expressed issues that China could search to affect the end result of the upcoming U.S. presidential election, together with by orchestrating social media campaigns to affect American public opinion.

The Nationwide Safety Company stated final week that there have been additionally extra indicators that China was attempting to realize entry to essential American infrastructure in an effort to threaten these programs within the occasion of a battle. Final 12 months, Microsoft stated it found malicious code unfold by Chinese language authorities hackers embedded in telecommunications programs in Guam and elsewhere in the USA.

Whereas Beijing has denied partaking in cyberattacks and election interference, not too long ago leaked paperwork present China has developed a classy community of state-sponsored hackers for rent which have focused databases all over the world.

Russia’s Struggle on Ukraine

American officers have made clear that they see China’s sale to Russia of chips, machine instruments, drones and different supplies which can be used within the conflict in Ukraine as one of many largest obstacles within the relationship between Beijing and Washington.

And so they imagine that getting China to withdraw that assist may decide the end result of the conflict.

China has tried to stroll a cautious line of not offering Russia with “deadly assist,” like weapons, whereas nonetheless supporting Moscow. In early April, Chinese language chief Xi Jinping met with Russia’s overseas minister and reaffirmed China’s partnership with Russia.

Whilst tensions between China and the USA have eased, Mr. Xi and President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia have stay intently aligned. The 2 leaders have sought to weaken Washington’s international dominance, blaming “U.S. hegemony” for constraining their nationwide ambitions.

Exerting Affect on Iran

U.S. officers, together with Mr. Blinken, hoping to keep away from a wider conflict within the Center East, have requested China to make use of its sway over Iran to steer it to not escalate its confrontation with Israel.

As like-minded critics of the West, China and Iran have had shut diplomatic ties for greater than 50 years. That relationship has grown economically as China has pledged to take a position billions in Iran in trade for oil and gasoline.

Beijing had described Iran’s missile and drone assaults directed at Israel earlier this month as an “act of self-defense,” after what was extensively believed to be an Israeli strike killed seven Iranian officers.

Since Israel’s conflict in Gaza started, China has courted solidarity with the Muslim world by blaming the USA for many years of instability within the Center East. Beijing has additionally not condemned Hamas for its terror assaults on Israel on Oct. 7.