atom: The essential unit of a chemical aspect. Atoms are made up of a dense nucleus that accommodates positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The nucleus is orbited by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
bond: (in chemistry) A semi-permanent attachment between atoms — or teams of atoms — in a molecule. It’s fashioned by a horny drive between the taking part atoms. As soon as bonded, the atoms will work as a unit. To separate the part atoms, power have to be provided to the molecule as warmth or another kind of radiation.
carbon: A chemical aspect that’s the bodily foundation of all life on Earth. Carbon exists freely as graphite and diamond. It is a vital a part of coal, limestone and petroleum, and is able to self-bonding, chemically, to type an unlimited variety of chemically, biologically and commercially vital molecules. (in local weather research) The time period carbon generally will probably be used virtually interchangeably with carbon dioxide to connote the potential impacts that some motion, product, coverage or course of might have on long-term atmospheric warming.
cell: (in biology) The smallest structural and practical unit of an organism. Sometimes too small to see with the unaided eye, it consists of a watery fluid surrounded by a membrane or wall. Relying on their measurement, animals are fabricated from wherever from hundreds to trillions of cells. Most organisms, similar to yeasts, molds, micro organism and a few algae, are composed of just one cell.
chemical: A substance fashioned from two or extra atoms that unite (bond) in a hard and fast proportion and construction. For instance, water is a chemical made when two hydrogen atoms bond to at least one oxygen atom. Its chemical formulation is H2O. Chemical additionally could be an adjective to explain properties of supplies which are the results of numerous reactions between completely different compounds.
setting: The sum of the entire issues that exist round some organism or the method and the situation these issues create. Setting might confer with the climate and ecosystem through which some animal lives, or, maybe, the temperature and humidity (and even the placement of issues within the neighborhood of an merchandise of curiosity).
Environmental Safety Company: (or EPA) A nationwide authorities company charged with serving to create a cleaner, safer and more healthy setting in the USA. Created on Dec. 2, 1970, it critiques information on the doable toxicity of latest chemical compounds (aside from meals or medication, that are regulated by different companies) earlier than they’re authorized on the market and use. The place such chemical compounds could also be poisonous, it units limits or pointers on how a lot of them could also be launched into (or allowed to construct up in) the air, water or soil.
fluorine: A component first found in 1886 by Henri Moissan. It takes its title from the Latin phrase which means “to circulation.” Very reactive, chemically, this aspect had little business use till World Warfare II, when it was used to assist make a nuclear-reactor gas. Later, it was used as components (fluorocarbons) in refrigerants and aerosol propellants. Most not too long ago, it has discovered widespread use to make nonstick coatings for frying pans, plumbers’ tape, and waterproof clothes.
mannequin: A simulation of a real-world state of affairs or occasion (often utilizing a pc) that has been developed to foretell a number of probably outcomes. Or a person that’s meant to show how one thing would work in or look on others.
PFAS: Quick for polyfluoroalkyl substances. Often known as perfluorocarbons and perfluorinated chemical compounds. These artificial (human-made) chemical compounds include a protracted chain of linked carbon atoms that act like a spine from which fluorine atoms dangle (like little legs). They’re long-lived chemical compounds and have the flexibility to construct up in organisms (together with individuals). They’ve gained widespread industrial use for being stain- and water-repellent and having normal non-stick properties. Among the many best-known examples is Teflon.
tissue: Made from cells, it’s any of the distinct kinds of supplies that make up animals, crops or fungi. Cells inside a tissue work as a unit to carry out a selected perform in dwelling organisms. Completely different organs of the human physique, for example, usually are constituted of many various kinds of tissues.